The New Kingdom Was A Very Dynamic Time For Egypt Essay

1. INTRODUCTION: The New Kingdom was a very dynamic time for Egypt (1550 - 1070 BCE). There was a shift in not only architecture, economics, but in Art as well. The New Kingdom is also referred to as the Egyptian Empire. This Essay discusses the influences that the New Kingdom had on Egyptian art; the development of the characteristics and influences that the New Kingdom had on not only the people but, in addition, their beliefs through analysing an artwork known as the final judgement found in Hunefers thumb as shown in Figure 1. 2. THE NEW KINGDOMS INFLUENCE ON EGYPT: Not only did the Egyptian empire flourish in art, military accomplishments, but a woman named Hatshepsut came to the throne, whom is known for her temple at Deir el-Bahri that contributes to the great activity in architecture as noted above. This is supported by De Rachewiltz(1960:230) in his statement. Egypt had control over Nubia, thus leading to unimaginable wealth, much to which they bestowed on their gods. In addition, to what is said in Egypt, that had a great expansion in the territories is echoed through Sporre(1989:59). The figurative arts were transformed by the new revolutionary dictates of a crudely ‘veristic’ nature as mentioned by De Rachewiltz (1960:230). Furthermore, a well-known Pharaoh named Tutankhamun also ruled in this time period. The wealth of Egypt brought about many paintings or painted reliefs illustrated religious texts concerned with the afterlife, such as the final judgementShow MoreRelatedAncient Egyptian Portraitures Essay1672 Words   |   7 Pagesfaces of Egypt. Utilizing objects from the permanent collection at the Brooklyn Museum of Art, this exhibit will display 25 portraits of nobleman, officials, and local individuals in order to hint at a variety of racial subdivision such as the Hykos, Nubian, Persian and Roman influence in the artistic representations of the Ancient Egyptian portraitures. 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Essay on Political Transitions in America - 2833 Words

As life began in the new world many people that have traveled wanted to live in a new atmosphere. People sought out wealth, fortune, freedom and wanted to express their ideas and beliefs as they could have not in their own countries. The new world gave these settlers an opportunity to start their new lives and way of life. One aspect of their new lives was how they wanted to be ruled and their political ideas. Political transitions have occurred throughout the beginning of the settlement of the new world from the British colonies to the first president with a central government then the secession of the south and Civil War until Richard Nixon and the Watergate Scandal. The English colonies were the starting basis of the new world.†¦show more content†¦These trials were mainly about land and how the Minister Samuel Paris wanted to establish a church. 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Problems In A Product Life Cycle Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(151) " a really short life rhythm, and moreover they are made of rough oil, which causes environmental jobs, as most PET bottles are destined for landfills\." Global alteration has an impact on clime, demographical and socio-ecological alteration worldwide, and humanity has an influence on planetary alteration. As a consequence of natural catastrophes, eventually climate arguments came up which drew public attending. These arguments showed that something demands to be done. We will write a custom essay sample on Problems In A Product Life Cycle Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now ( Tan, 2008 ) The industries can seek to bring forth environmentally friendly merchandises, extend the merchandise life rhythm, and make a solution for the end-of-life stage of a merchandise. This chapter demonstrates the job of the merchandise life rhythm and gives an penetration into the transmutation. The industrial revolution set up a additive theoretical account of material watercourses, a system that takes merchandises and throws them off. Toxic stuffs trickle into the nature systems. Furthermore, the waste burning locally generates energy, nevertheless, besides this much more energy is required for new stuff production. ( Hennings, et al. , 2008 ) The whole procedure is named an open-loop supply concatenation. By and large talking, it maps the way from the stuffs to the providers to the terminal consumer. There is no reversal rate from the consumer. There is no return of stuff. The company does non offer any return or recycling system. However, consumers use the merchandise and so at the terminal of the merchandise life rhythm, they throw it off. ( Lebreton, 2007 ) Another possibility is to donate the old apparels to charitable organisations which resell the old apparels to commercial retail merchants in the 3rd universe or in east Europe. In Germany the biggest fabric aggregation is â€Å" Deutsche Rote Kreuz † with 40,000 dozenss collected each twelvemonth. ( Weissinger, 1999 ) In Switzerland there are four large fabric aggregation houses: Texaid, Contex AG, Solitex and Satex. Texaid is the biggest 1 in Switzerland ; it recollects 17,000 dozenss of old fabrics per twelvemonth. The company ‘s grosss go to relief organisations. The gathered fabrics are classified in different quality categories and removed from waste. ( Truninger, 2005 ) The reselling of these apparels ignited a large treatment, as the pattern destroys local concerns which produce traditional apparels. The effects are that the local fabric industry nearby wholly collapsed, and reorganisation is non possible anymore. Some states have imposed import prohibitions. ( W eissinger, 1999 ) This complex job is good documented in the movie â€Å" oburoni wawu – dice Kleider der toten Weissen, † which deals with the inquiry of who needs old apparels and how the concern of old apparels works. The movie shows the way the old apparels take and what happens to them when they arrive in the preset state. ( Strobusch A ; Terpinc, 1995 ) A farther option is the Climatex Lifecycle. This procedure is an innovation from the endeavor Rohner. Out of old fabrics, they produce felt, which is used to mulch and to cover the vegetable spot. As a consequence, the landfill is less to a great extent loaded and the old fabrics have a concluding responsibility. ( Weissinger, 1999 ) As it can be seen from the illustration of Rohner Textiles, end product went up 30 % and was accompanied by a drastic lessening in cost after they launched the new sustainability scheme. The Rohner illustration shows the positive consequence for a concern if they launch a closed-loop recycling scheme. ( IEHN, n.d. ) There is a new innovation to recycle polyester curtain. Teijin is a recycling company which specializes in polyester recycling. Today the company is a Recycling Network. Under the mark ‘ECOLOG, ‘ are all companies committed to bring forthing fabrics in mono-material polyester. ‘ECOLOG ‘ fabrics can be recycled easy, as there are no assorted fibres and it can be made easy into a new stuff. ( Outdoortrends, n.d. ) The last possibility in fabric recycling is down recycling. This procedure has been done for old ages now because the rate of return of polyester fabrics was really low. In this instance the recycling companies downcyceld the merchandises to knobs. ( Weissinger, 1999 ) To offer recycled merchandises and the usage of recycled stuffs is an environmentally friendly facet of assorted companies. Nowadays the positive environmental impact of merchandises gives a company a competitory border ; it is a must, non merely an option. Companies secure themselves a great hereafter with a strong sustainability scheme. The â€Å" C footmark † of companies is set to diminish, as they are under force per unit area from different stakeholders, like non-governmental organisations, consumers and authorities, to make so. This force per unit area on companies encourages them to cut down their C footmark with different commissariats like green merchandises, sustainable procedures and societal duty plans ( CSR ) . However, good communicating and labeling towards consumers is indispensable, to allow them cognize about the green attempts made by the company. ( Jo, 2010 ) Focus on Outdoor Industry Harmonizing to the study of Luscombe ( 2010 ) , 59 % of participants buy the purchased point for functional usage and for general every twenty-four hours usage. Merely 3 % bargain it for mundane usage. There is a displacement from utilizing out-of-door merchandises in the athleticss sector towards mundane life usage. The study of EOG shows that quality has the highest impact on the purchasing determination, followed by the trade name name. The 3rd factor impacting the determination is the monetary value. This ranking is for Germany. In Switzerland, the ranking is similar. Quality is the victor, followed by comfort, so the proficient characteristics, and last is the monetary value. Recyclability of the merchandise influences the purchasing determination for 62 % of Germans ; whereas merely 60 % of people are interested in purchasing merchandises made of recycled stuff. In the Swiss study, 67 % are influenced by the recyclability of the merchandise in the purchasing determination and 6 4 % bargain recycled stuff. ( Luscombe, 2010 ) Nowadays, there is a broad scope of reclaimable stuff. It is possible to recycle polyester, polymeric amide and polyurethane. There are two different recycling methods: stuff recycling and chemical recycling. The undermentioned four possibilities are often used in the industry. ( ISOPA, 2001 ) PET-Recycling ( Material recycling ) PET-Recycling became more widespread, as the environmental considerations gain importance. PET bottles have a really short life rhythm, and moreover they are made of rough oil, which causes environmental jobs, as most PET bottles are destined for landfills. You read "Problems In A Product Life Cycle Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" As a consequence, a recycling procedure to recycle the valuable primary resources is a perfect thought. The recycling procedure is non really hard with PET bottles. The stuff to be recycled is ‘polyethylene terephthalate ‘ . ( Evans, 2010 ) A short recycling procedure description: Colored bottles need to be sorted out. Just crystalline bottles can be used for this procedure. The selected PET bottles have to be cleaned and dried and crushed. These crushed pieces will be heated. Through this warming procedure, the crushed pieces are melted and a crimping machine gives the ensuing polyester narrations their texture. The polyester narrations need to dried. The quality control has to be passed. ( Evans, 2010 ) This procedure can be performed one time. If there is a jacket made out of this PET recycled narration, the used jacket, which is non functional any longer, ends in a landfill. Nevertheless, some natural stuff has already been saved thanks to PET recycling. In the following paragraph are some illustrations about the measure of PET bottles needed to do certain points. ( Heimann, 2010 ) â€Å" With 20 PET bottles, a ski jacket can be produced. A jumper needs about 63 PET bottles and a sleeping bag is made of 83 PET bottles. † These are facts found on the bright hub home page ( Evans, 2010 ) . There is besides a negative facet to PET recycling. Since PET can merely be recycled one time, 360A ° recycling is non possible. On the other manus, PET recycling is cheaper than polyester recycling, which is explained in the following point. ( Heimann, 2010 ) Polyester Recycling ( chemical recycling ) A Nipponese company has developed the first polyester recycling system named ECO CIRCLE. This is a closed-loop recycling for polyester points. Old polyester merchandises, which are made out of 100 % polyester, can be chemically converted into new polyester natural stuff. ( Teijin, 2009 ) Products which are reclaimable in this manner have the undermentioned label on them: Figure 6: ECO CIRCLE Logo ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ecocircle.jp/en/index.htm ) Fleece coats are easy to recycle as they are 100 % polyester. Other coats are frequently a combination of different stuffs. The status for recycling is that the merchandise has 100 % screening truth. The polyester recycling procedure is similar to PET-recycling, but there are some differences as this is a type of chemical recycling. Collected polyester merchandises are broken down into little pieces. Granulated stuff is made. The colouring is removed from the pellets. This procedure requires high energy and important clip. Through chemical intervention, new polyester natural stuff is created. New â€Å" Eco Circle † fibres are created to bring forth reclaimable merchandises. ( Teijin-Fibers, n.d. ) There are different merchandises made by this closed-loop recycling procedure: underwear, T-shirts, jackets, baseball mitts and so on. Swany produced the first closed-loop reclaimable baseball mitt. The list would ne’er stop, as there is an limitless possibility to bring forth pro-ducts with 100 % polyester. ( Teijin, 2009 ) This procedure is criticized, as the fibres are produced utilizing crude oil. Critics say that these fibres should non be produced any longer given the turning trouble with crude oil supplies. However the outdoor industry is acute on utilizing polyester fibres, as this fabric is high quality and stopping points long clip. Figure 7: CO2 Reduction There is less ecological harm with this recycling procedure than with the production of new fibres, as per an analysis conducted by the Suedwind Institute ( n. d. ) . This fact is besides apparent in this Figures 10. 77 % less CO2 is released utilizing the recycling procedure than is released bring forthing new natural stuff from crude oil. ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.patagonia.com/pdf/en_US/common_threads_whitepaper.pdf ) This closed-loop polyester recycling reduces the dependence on rough oil, produces less pollution as there is less godforsaken burning and progresses the reuse of old polyester apparels. ( Patagonia, 2009 ) Nylon/Polyamide Recycling ( chemical recycling ) Old fishing cyberspace and rugs can be used for nylon recycling. This recycling procedure is similar to the polyester recycling, but polyamide recycling is more cost- and time-intensive, as the procedure is more sophisticated. The recycled narrations are largely, but non wholly, used for back packs or for bags. The quality is non affected by the recycling procedure. ( Klattermusen, n.d ) The statute law in some states will perchance forbid the disposal of rugs in landfills. With this action, the client will be forced to recycle old rug, but this statute law has non yet passed. However there is a committedness by different companies which supply industrial rugs to take part in a nylon recycling plan. Furthermore there are different roll uping points for old rug in each state. ( Greener-Industry, n.d. ) There are some illustrations of companies which already offer a recycling plan: Klattermusen Since March 2009 Klattermusen offers a new recycling and recovery system, â€Å" rECOver. † Each point which is reclaimable has a sedimentation of one, five, 10 or 20 Euros. If the client brings these merchandises back to the shop, they get the sedimentation back. Each merchandise has an note of the sum of the sedimentation. Another portion of the plan is that used and patched merchandises are donated to a public trust. This recycling plan consists of the following reclaimable stuffs: nylon, polyester, polypropene and metal. It is one of the lone outdoor companies which recycles nylon and polypropene, as it is hard to retrieve these two substances and every bit good as dearly-won. ( Klattermusen, n.d. ) Goretex In 1993 Gore launched a undertaking named â€Å" Gore Balance Project, † which received the European Outdoor Award for Innovation. It was the first possibility to recycle in the dress industry. The purpose of this plan was to recycle fabric laminate, but the clients were non ready at that clip to take part in the undertaking. As a consequence of the low engagement degrees, Gore had to halt this recycling undertaking. Gore company coined the term â€Å" balanced-project. † Old Goretex-coats will be deconstructed into their belongingss and reused. ( Gore, 2007 ) VAUDE /Sympatex This company is a rival to Goretex. They invented a 100 % reclaimable membrane which is made of O, C and H. These constituents are easy reclaimable, like PET bottles. Additionally there is no fluorcarbon used, and they have the bluesign standard enfranchisement. The bluesign strandard will be explained in Chapter 3.5.2. VAUDE is the official spouse of Sympatex. They produced a new out-of-door aggregation under the slogan â€Å" Reduce, Re-use, Recycle. † The aggregation is high quality, therefore long-lasting, and it made of 100 % reclaimable polyester. Fjallraven In 2012 the first reclaimable coats will be sold. ( Fjalleraven, 2010 ) The company has three different constituents in their recycling plan, â€Å" ECOSHELL. † First, fluorocarbon is non used any longer in the coats. This chemical substance was used in the membrane for impregnation. It is a really effectual substance, but on the other manus it has several negative effects. One point is the substance is found in the nutrient concatenation, secondly, the decomposition clip is over 30 old ages and last but non least it is really hard to recycle. That ‘s why they now use a new substance which is natural. It is a new process invented by Rudolfgroup. The name of the new substance is BIONIC. Second the company is cognizant of the planetary heating, which is besides affected through the recycling plan. â€Å" That ‘s why they support an environmentally friendly aureate criterion undertaking, they have non-polluting energy production every bit good they cut down the depen dence on fossil fuels † ( Fjalleraven, n. d. ) . Last but non least, they employ the â€Å" Eco Circle † recycling system for polyester. The combination of all three points are indispensable to the company, as all influence the environment. ( Fjalleraven, n. vitamin D. ) Figure 8: Recycling Program of Patagonia Patagonia Inc. ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.patagonia.com/web/eu/popup/common_threads/index.jsp ) In 1993 Patagonia produced SynchillaA ® jackets from sodium carbonate bottles. In 2005 the â€Å" Common Threads Garment Recycling Program † was launched. This take-back plan collects old polyester merchandises to recycle into new narration. Customers have two different possibilities to take part in the recycling plan of Patagonia. One would be to return the points to the shop – frequently they have a box there – and the 2nd possibility is to direct it straight by station to Patagonia. They collect all the garments and direct them by ship to Japan, where the recycling procedure happens. ( Patagonia, n. d. ) â€Å" Wear it out ; drop it off ; we recycle it ; it lives onaˆÂ ¦ † is the claim of Patagonia ‘s recycling system, as it can be seen in Figure 11. Recycling Companies Teijin The whole company has different sections. The biggest portion is the scope of man-made fibres. Teijin is the lone company that provides a recycling plan in polyester. These recycled polyester fibres can be used for fabrics in the car, outdoor and dress industries. â€Å" Eco Circle † was launched in 2002. This recycling plan is environmentally friendly. Nowadays 200 companies are involved in â€Å" Eco Circle. † The tendency is that different states such as the U.S. , China, Europe and Japan have a higher environmental consciousness than all immature clients, which increases the reclaimable market. ( Shrestha, 2009 ) Polartec This company produces utmost conditions protection fabrics, insularity beds and lightweight wicking base beds. Polartec is used in many countries, like the Marine Corps, Navy, Army and Air Force, every bit good as in the out-of-door industry. Thankss to coaction with companies which offer recycled narration, the recycled merchandise line has risen from less than 1 % to over 30 % in over four old ages. This fact leads besides to a decrease in emanation and energy ingestion. Since 2010 they have partnered with Unifi, as they produce ‘Repreve ‘ narration which is made out of recycled PET bottles. Polartec is confident that with this partnership the recycled merchandise line will turn steadily. ( Polartec, 2010 ) Unifi It is a company which produces multi-filament polyester and nylon textured narrations. These man-made fibres are non merely produced from natural stuff but besides from PET. This fibre is on the market with the name ‘Repreve. ‘ They produce polyester fibres every bit good as nylon fibres. The nylon fibres are made out of consumer fibre waste, whereas the polyester fibres are made out of both consumer fibre waste and consumer plastic waste like PET-bottles. In a lb of ‘Repreve ‘ narration, there are 27 processed PET bottles. These sustainable and recycled fibres are chiefly used by the dress industry, but they are besides used in the furniture and auto industries. A partnership between Polartec and Unifi shows the tendency in the outdoor industry to utilize ecological narration. ( Repreve, 2008 ) Recycling Ecologically Worthwhile? The contention environing recycling is large. On the cyberspace there are different forums where this issue is being discussed. In this chapter merely some statements out of assorted web logs, web sites and interviews held at the OutDoor Freidrichshafen will be highlighted. Maverick ( n.d. ) is convinced that presents planetary heating, natural instability and H2O deficits are scare tactics. This fact, that the universe is stoping, needs to be stopped, through recycling. This is a crutch, because people who recylcle believe they are profiting the environment, but the recycling procedure itself consumes a batch of energy and causes sometimes more pollution than natural stuffs, harmonizing to Maverick. Maverick ( n.d. ) describes the crutch as follows: â€Å" In a mode similar to medieval Christians purchasing indulgences from priests to be forgiven for their wickednesss without really making anything, recycling may be something we believe to be right and effectual merely because we ‘ve been told it is. † The consequence should be, that people reuse merchandises and alter their consumer behaviour. ( Maverick, n.d. ) Furthermore, a web log from May ( 2007 ) describes the PET recycling as an unuseful pattern. First of wholly, a batch of C is emitted anyhow, as the bottles need to be shipped to China and the new apparels back. Second the apparels made out of the old PET bottels are non recycable any longer and will stop in a landfill. The apparels are at that place for over 24,000 old ages until they are smoldered. About the transportation cost, Heimann ( personal communicating, July 17, 2010 ) comments that presents, Europeans are so addicted to Asia and to America, that the ships are geting anyhow. These ships have to return to the state of beginning, and it makes no pots to make so without lading. ( Heimann, 2010 ) The company Teijin conducted a research survey about the energy ingestion in a closed-loop recycling system with polyester. The consequence indicates that with the resources saved, energy and CO2 emanation is besides reduced. This computation is made by mensurating the CO2 emanation and energy needed for the recycling procedure, every bit good as that emitted and needed by the production with natural stuffs. To have new polyester, rough oil is needed. To bore rough oil, far more energy is needed than the sum recycling requires. The consequences are shown in the figures below. Figure 9: Decrease of CO2 Emission thanks to Recycling ( Beginning: Leaflet Teijin, Japan † ECOCIRCLE † ) The laminitis of the â€Å" Red, White and Green † Blog, Jennifer Grayson, is convinced about the positive facets of the recycling procedure. In 2005, recycling saved an one-year norm usage of energy of 9 million families. This has a direct impact on planetary heating. There is another positive point which concerns employment. The recycling and remanufacturing sectors account for about one million occupations. ( Grayson, 2009 ) The outdoor industry has been criticized for the environmental harm the concern causes, every bit good as for the bad on the job conditions. However the industry has made an attempt to antagonize these negative facets by cut downing their C footmark and by using societal policies every bit good as back uping environmentally friendly undertakings. Some illustrations of eco-conscious methods to accomplish betterment are shown. ( Jo, 2010 ) 1. CSR Corporate societal duty ( CSR ) is an of import manner for a company to demo its duty towards the societal and ecological environment. A competitory border is received by utilizing CSR as a scheme to separate between trade names. ( Jo, 2010 ) 2. Life Cycle Analysis The entire impact on environment has to be understood if the company is interested in bring forthing green merchandises. This impact can be analyzed thanks to the cost construction. This is possible through analysing the life rhythm of a merchandise. All has to be considered, the natural stuff, fabrication, the distribution, every bit good as the usage of the merchandise and last but non least, its disposal. With each measure of the procedure, costs are associated. ( Ciambrone, 1997 ) A cost illustration is shown by Ciambrone ( 1997, pp.1 ) : Design costs Stocking/handling costs User/operating costs Disposal costs Fabrication costs Shipping/transportation costs Reuse/recycle costs Compliance/licensing costs Reducing the cost besides reduces the environmental impact. A company should seek to cut down the life rhythm costs of their merchandises. ( Ciambrone, 1997 ) 3. Ecological Footprint It is a mensurating tool to sort merchandises and services, a company, an organisation, industry sectors, single life styles, vicinities, metropoliss, parts or states. In an LCA, the ecological footmark is ever calculated. What impact a merchandise or a company has on the environment and on the society will be measured. An analysis of the merchandise or the company will be done. There are different standards, such as recyclability, emanation used to bring forth the merchandise and resources used. All factors are evaluated and a computation shows the consequence. The thought behind this is that clients have the possibility to compare the merchandises or companies based on their environmental friendliness. ( Global-Footprint-Network, 2010 ) Goverments and consumers play a active function in forcing frontward the demand for an ecological footmark. ( Jo, 2010 ) 4. Bluesign Certificate To cut down the environmental footmark of the fabric industry, the bluesign criterion was created. Each fabric and yarn maker can use for the certification, but to measure up, it needs to run into the high criterion defined by bluesign. Each company is analyzed exactly. The points evaluated by bluesign ( 2010 ) are the undermentioned: Resources productiveness Consumerism Sewage H2O Discharged air Job safety ( p. 24 ) Retailers and clients can acquire a good orientation about assorted companies thanks to this alone criterion from bluesign. ( bluesign, 2010 ) In the hereafter, companies have to take the duty for cut downing their C footmark. Additionally if the credibleness has to be steady, companies have to be crystalline with their sustainability steps. ( Jo, 2010 ) Drumhead From the recycling position, a rethinking is besides taking topographic point. Closed-loop supply concatenation are needed in all industries. The open-loop supply concatenation does non hold a long life any longer. The best scenario would be if merchandises are used and reused until the merchandise loses its map, at which point it should be recycled. This manner, the merchandise does non complete as waste at the end-of-life stage but has a possibility to last in another merchandise ( downcycling ) or as the same merchandise ( upcycling ) . These procedures help to protect the environment. How to cite Problems In A Product Life Cycle Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Introduction of Management for Geographic - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction of Management for GeographicTerritory. Answer: Explain an organizational structure including its advantages and disadvantages: Organizational structure is widely known to have a variety of structure stating different functionality and hence, productivity. Popularly, few structures are line organizational structure, divisional organizational structure, matrix organizational structure and hybrid organizational structure (Islam, Jasimuddin and Hasan 2015). In this study, the main focus is on the Divisional organizational structure. The divisional organizational structure is further divided into various sections like function, product, project, geographic territory and combination (Earnhart and Leonard 2016). Departmentalization into various kinds of functions serves a varied range of purposes. Therefore, the different departmentalization based on distinguished functions provides a different set of advantages and disadvantages to its possessor. Departmentalization is done to address a distinguished set of functions. Advantages: Divisional structure helps to an emphasis on the end result. It enables focusing on a particular product line. HODs are connected to each other by means of functional division. Hence, reporting is in a much-improved form. It further means that product-wise emphasis is bigger which is supported by a differentiation of the product lines and facilitation of improved communication between SEO and the HODs. Production of managers is another advantage. Due to a separate division of distinguished product lines, senior or skilled employees get ample of time to get settled with the managerial skills. Measurement of performance becomes easier due to the emphasis on the end result of the separate product line. Emphasis on profits gets deeper due to the separation of product lines into the different division (Carley and Prietula 2014). Disadvantages: The structure is costly as managers are needed for the separate product line. Hence, it is feasible only for a few organizations. Recruitment of more managers may be required if the organization lacks to have sufficient bench of managers. It may also have a lack of specialization as more resources are required (Dedahanov, Rhee and Yoon 2017). Defining emotions: Emotion can be defined as a short-term or even a long-term belief that employee carries. This may be understood as perceptions which employees possess. Such perceptions are the result of external influences such as the workplace environment, employee behavior and the organizational policies (Vranjes et al. 2018). Emotions can be both positive and negative. Positive emotions may be extremely advantageous for employees and also the employers. On the other hand, negative emotions may be harmful as well. There are lists of positive emotions such as enthusiasm. One of the negative emotions is anxiety (Vranjes et al. 2018). Impact of one positive and one negative emotion at the workplace: Impact of one positive emotion (Enthusiasm): Enthusiasm is one of the keys to employees success. Employees filled up with sheer enthusiasm perform to their potential. Enthusiasm in someone is self-generated and in few, it is created under the influence of some external factors. Those who are born with the enthusiasm they excel at the different stage that they become a part of. It helps them in academics to stand against the odds and deliver the performance. It keeps them calm and composed in trouble situations when they are at their work. External resources can be anything which is motivating to its bearer. In academics, this can be the tutors. At home, parents can motivate. Effective leaders or the managers influence at the workplace (Wall, Russell and Moore 2017). Impact of one negative emotion (Anxiety): This is immensely threatening to the productivity at any level in life. It can be fatalistic during the studies. Employees with anxiety due to various reasons like work-pressure, employer's work policies, workplace environment, and others are in severe threats. Anxiety is one of the causes of mental illness. Mental illness does not only affect the performance but, it also hampers he personal life. Those who have anxiety are not able to concentrate on their personal things also (Hoffmann 2016). Describing one characteristic of an effective team Explain and give a definition of the selected characteristic Team characteristics are of various kinds; however, in this section, the focus will only be on the "open communication". Open communication can be defined as a state where organizations claim to have practicing an effective communication. Effective communication in this regard means that there are no barriers in between the management and the employees. Additionally, team members do also practice effective communication when they exchange an open communication. It means they give no values to such thing that might also damage the team spirit. One of such things is racism that affects the cultural values and also gives space to cultural conflicts in the team (Gordon, Feldman and Leonard 2015). Discuss how this characteristic relates to teamwork Open communication does have an influence on teamwork. When the team members have open communication between them it means they are aggressive to the solution (Cornelissen and Cornelissen 2017). They do it through an elaborated discussion. However, when one or few members lack in open communication, that really affects the teams productivity. It is because they develop a tendency to form few smaller groups within the team and hence, remain confined just to their selected kind of group. On the other hand, when a team promotes the open communication there will be no place for racism. Racism is indeed a reason for team conflicts (Cornelissen and Cornelissen 2017). How the chosen characteristic can help improve the work environment: The chosen characteristic if positively being implemented, team productivity will definitely improve. It is important to know what keeps a team away from the performance. Racism, hatred feelings for others and conflicts are some of the possible reasons that affect the team's productivity. An open communication is indeed the solution. Open communication gives ample time to team members to settle their differences and be like a team. Open communication promotes the team spirit and cooperative nature. Hence, coordination within the team will improve that is essential to the success of a project (Neuliep 2017). References: Carley, K.M. and Prietula, M.J., 2014. The" virtual design team": Simulating how organization structure and information processing tools affect team performance. InComputational organization theory(pp. 19-36). Psychology Press. Cornelissen, J. and Cornelissen, J.P., 2017.Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Dedahanov, A.T., Rhee, C. and Yoon, J., 2017. Organizational structure and innovation performance: Is employee innovative behavior a missing link?.Career Development International,22(4), pp.334-350. Earnhart, D. and Leonard, J.M., 2016. Environmental audits and signaling: The role of firm organizational structure.Resource and Energy Economics,44, pp.1-22. Gordon, S., Feldman, D. and Leonard, M. eds., 2015.Collaborative Caring: Stories and Reflections on Teamwork in Health Care. Cornell University Press. Hoffmann, E.A., 2016. Emotions and emotional labor at worker-owned businesses: Deep acting, surface acting, and genuine emotions.The Sociological Quarterly,57(1), pp.152-173. Islam, M.Z., Jasimuddin, S.M. and Hasan, I., 2015. Organizational culture, structure, technology infrastructure and knowledge sharing: Empirical evidence from MNCs based in Malaysia.Vine,45(1), pp.67-88. Neuliep, J.W., 2017.Intercultural communication: A contextual approach. Sage Publications. Vranjes, I., Baillien, E., Vandebosch, H., Erreygers, S. and De Witte, H., 2018. Kicking someone in cyberspace when they are down: Testing the role of stressor evoked emotions on exposure to workplace cyberbullying.Work Stress, pp.1-21. Wall, T., Russell, J. and Moore, N., 2017. Positive emotion in workplace impact: the case of a work-based learning project utilising appreciative inquiry.Journal of Work-Applied Management,9(2), pp.129-146.

Women in India Essay Sample free essay sample

Womans in ancient India were held in high regard. With the class of clip. the position of adult female got lowered. Muscle and money power started ruling the societies. And as work forces fought the wars and ran the ventures of industrial production. they started sing themselves superior to adult female. After the development of scientific discipline and engineering. the pattern of female foeticide on a big graduated table besides started. This finally led to a slack in the female sex ratio. Harmonizing to the nose count of 2001. the sex ratio in India is 927 females to 1. 000 males. Dowry has become widespread and the birth of a girl kid became unfortunate. In several parts of India. adult females are seen as an economic liability. even with the part of adult females in legion ways to our economic system and society. Early matrimonies. colza. molestation. sexual torment. forced harlotry. eve badgering. etc are a common issue today. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in India Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The offense rate against adult females is non-farming activities   https://studymoose.com/non-farming-activities-in-india-essay.This essay depicts how adult females are being exploited and how their demands are being repressed in our chiefly Orthodox society. It besides shows how it can avoided. so that adult females can populate freely. walk freely and speak freely.Women A ; Education:Education is one of the powerful tools in the release and the authorization of adult females. It is the individual uttermost factor which can surprisingly better the place of adult females in any society.The 2001 Census study shows that the literacy rate among Indian adult females is merely 54 per centum. It is about corrupting to detect that the literacy rate of Indian adult females is even much poorer to the national norm of 65. 38. The enlargement of instruction for adult females in rural countries is really sulky. This clearly means that still big figure of adult females of our state is illiterate. backward. weak and exploited. In add-on instruction is besides non available to all every bit which can be seen by the Gender inequality in instruction. The literacy rate for the adult females is merely 54 % against 76 % of work forces harmonizing to the 2001 Census. The phenomenon affecting Women instruction is multi dimensional. Not one factor or cause can be held accountable for the low literacy rate of Indian adult females. It is related with the combination of many factors including societal. economic. demographic. administrative. cultural. educational. political. etc.Some of the of import factors that can be credited for the current state of affairs are:Female age at matrimony: There is high connexion of the female literacy rate with that of the female age during her matrimony. The female age at matrimony of 18 ( recently 21 old ages ) as approved by assorted statute laws are non at all followed in India. It is really much neglected by the parents with low literacy background. This unbearable pattern dejects the female kids to go on their instruction. as they go into household life at an early age.Lower Enrolment in Schools: The low registration of misss in schools is one of the cardinal factors that stand as the probationary block for authorization of Indian adult females. Harmonizing to the latest statistics. two out of every 10 misss in the 6 to 11 age group are yet to be enrolled in schools.High dropout rate of misss from schools: The happenings of dropouts among misss chiefly in slums. rural. and tribal countries are rather high. Harmonizing to the latest statistics. happening of dropout among the misss is about twice as that of the male childs in India.Poor School Environment for misss: Broadly. the school environment for misss in India is truly non promoting. There are still 100s of schools with hapless indispensable comfortss such as imbibing H2O. improper edifice and unequal figure of instructors peculiarly the female instructors who are preferred by many parents for the safety of their girl kids.Poverty. Bonded Labour and Child Labour Practices: This is a really discouraging factor that stands as barrier for girl’s instruction in rural countries and besides for the underprivileged households dwelling of the washer work forces. the agricultural labor. the folk and the scheduled caste people. Harmonizing toUN. India. with more than 50 million kid laborers. is the most child labour thickly settled state in the Earth. In most instances girl kids are favored for high productiveness and low cost.Poor Political Will and Passion: Government officers. policy shapers. and politicians of our state have neither political will nor passion for the authorization of adult females.Dowry as barrier: In many households. peculiarly the hapless think that if their girls are educated more. so they have to garner more belongings to offer as dowery at the clip of matrimony. so they favor to halt their kids with mean instruction.Trafficking and Commercial sexual development:India is a beginning. finish and theodolite state for adult females being trafficked for the usage of forced labour and commercial sexual development. Womans are being held in debt bondage and are really vulnerable to forced labour working in rice Millss. brick kilns. and agribusiness and in embroidery mills. Girls and adult females are trafficked inside the state for the intent of forced matrimony and commercial sexual development. They are besides being used as armed battlers by some terrorist groups.India is besides a finish for adult females and misss from Nepal and Bangladesh trafficked for the intent of commercial sexual development. while the Indian adult females are being trafficked to the Middle East for the same intent.Government and NGO studies approximates that there are some 100s of 1000s to 1000000s of adult females and misss being prostituted in India. most of whom are victims of trafficking. The majority of the adult females being prostituted and trafficked within India are from lower ( scheduled ) castes and are brought into the sex trade every bit immature as 13 old ages.Exploitation of adult females through media:The development of adult females in the media has become so familiar. peculiarly in advertisement. which most people fail to even detect it or acquire annoyed any longer. Women’s organic structure is continually used to sell autos. coffin nails. spiritss.male aroma and other male recognized merchandises. every bit good as newspapers. magazines and telecasting plans. In today’s society. people come across telecasting ads such as Slice having Katrina Kaif. in which adult females are being offered in provocative mode. The camera will habitually whizz in on organic structure parts. Society is still really much dominated by work forces who manage what people see. As a effect. adult females are progressively shown as sex symbols. so the media company can turn to gain. The Internet besides has grown to be one of the biggest users of adult females.Trading on the female organic structure – Exploitation of adult females for egg:Poor adult females from around the Earth are being earnestly recruited to donate their eggs to birthrate clinics and besides for the cloning research. Miserably. egg contribution has less to make with selflessness and more to make with the development of adult females. chiefly immature adult females and hapless adult females who normally face big debts. Egg contribution puts women’s wellness and her safety at hazard. Trade in human egg cells is finally an assault on the pride of adult females.Avoiding the development of adult females:Today modern adult females are so smart and self-sufficing that they can be easy called superwomen. as she copes with many foreparts individual handedly. Womans are now intensely motivated and are demoing their worth non merely in the place. but besides in their personal callings. and instruction in the society. In order to better their position. adult females themselves should come forward and unite. They should pull encouragement from adult females like Indira Gandhi. the first adult female Prime Minister of India. Kiran Bedi. India’s first adult female IPS officer ;Pratibha patil. the first adult female President of India and many others. Adding onto that. as the societal immoralities like dowery. child matrimony. caste system and other patterns deprive rights of instruction for kids belonging to hapless and underprivileged households. they should be abolished through good designed bundles of mass consciousness plans and societal public assistance steps with full support of political parties. NGOs. authorities bureaus and public. Indian Government should besides turn to the cardinal issue of gender inequality and the construction that allows those most marginalized in society. chiefly lower caste adult females and misss to be exploited for commercial sex. GoI should set plans in topographic point to supply practical options to harlotry and supply micro funding. so that they have other options to supply for themselves and their households.A nation’s advancement and prosperity can be evaluated by the manner it treats its adult females. Work force must acknowledge and acknowledge the fact that adult females are equal spouses in life.

A Brief History of the Cuban Revolution

A Brief History of the Cuban Revolution In the final days of 1958, ragged rebels began the process of driving out forces loyal to Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. By New Year’s Day 1959, the nation was theirs, and Fidel Castro, Chà © Guevara, Raà ºl Castro, Camilo Cienfuegos, and their companions rode triumphantly into Havana and history. The revolution began long before, however, and the eventual rebel triumph was the result of many years of hardship, guerrilla warfare, and propaganda battles. Transcendental Graphics / Getty Images Batista Seizes Power The revolution began in 1952 when former Army Sergeant Fulgencio Batista seized power during a hotly contested election. Batista had been president from 1940 to 1944 and ran for president in 1952. When it became apparent that he would lose, he seized power before the elections, which were canceled. Many people in Cuba were disgusted by his power grab, preferring Cuba’s democracy, as flawed as it was. One such person was rising political star Fidel Castro, who would likely have won a seat in Congress had the 1952 elections taken place. Castro immediately began plotting Batista’s downfall. Assault on Moncada On the morning of July 26, 1953, Castro made his move. For a revolution to succeed, he needed weapons, and he selected the isolated Moncada barracks as his target. 138 men attacked the compound at dawn: it was hoped that the element of surprise would make up for the rebels’ lack of numbers and arms. The attack was a fiasco almost from the start, and the rebels were routed after a firefight that lasted a few hours. Many were captured. Nineteen federal soldiers were killed; the remaining ones took out their anger on captured rebels, and most of them were shot. Fidel and Raul Castro escaped  but were captured later. 'History Will Absolve Me' The Castros and surviving rebels were put on public trial. Fidel, a trained lawyer, turned the tables on the Batista dictatorship by making the trial about the power grab. Basically, his argument was that as a loyal Cuban, he had taken up arms against the dictatorship because it was his civic duty. He made long speeches and the government belatedly tried to shut him up by claiming he was too ill to attend his own trial. His most famous quote from the trial was, â€Å"History will absolve me.† He was sentenced to 15 years in prison  but had become a nationally recognized figure and a hero to many poor Cubans. Mexico and the Granma In May 1955 the Batista government, bending to international pressure to reform, released many political prisoners, including those who had taken part in the Moncada assault. Fidel and Raul Castro went to Mexico to regroup and plan the next step in the revolution. There they met up with many disaffected Cuban exiles who joined the new â€Å"26th of July Movement,† named after the date of the Moncada assault. Among the new recruits were charismatic Cuban exile Camilo Cienfuegos and Argentine doctor Ernesto â€Å"Chà ©Ã¢â‚¬  Guevara. In November  1956, 82 men crowded onto the tiny yacht Granma and set sail for Cuba and revolution. In the Highlands Batista’s men had learned of the returning rebels and ambushed them. Fidel and Raul made it into the wooded central highlands with only a handful of survivors from Mexico; Cienfuegos and Guevara were among them. In the impenetrable highlands, the rebels regrouped, attracting new members, collecting weapons, and staging guerrilla attacks on military targets. Try as he might, Batista could not root them out. The leaders of the revolution permitted foreign journalists to visit and interviews with them were published around the world. The Movement Gains Strength As the July 26th movement gained power in the mountains, other rebel groups took up the fight as well. In the cities, rebel groups loosely allied with Castro carried out hit-and-run attacks and nearly succeeded in assassinating Batista. Batista decided on a bold move: he sent a large portion of his army into the highlands in the summer of 1958 to try and flush out Castro once and for all. The move backfired: the nimble rebels carried out guerrilla attacks on the soldiers, many of whom switched sides or deserted. By the end of 1958, Castro was ready to deliver the knockout punch. Underwood Archives / Getty Images Castro Tightens the Noose In late 1958 Castro divided his forces, sending Cienfuegos and Guevara into the plains with small armies; Castro followed them with the remaining rebels. The rebels captured towns and villages along the way, where they were greeted as liberators. Cienfuegos captured the small garrison at Yaguajay on Dec. 30. Defying the odds, Guevara and 300 weary rebels defeated a much larger force at the city of Santa Clara on December 28–30, capturing valuable munitions in the process. Meanwhile, government officials were negotiating with Castro, trying to salvage the situation and halt the bloodshed. Victory for the Revolution Batista and his inner circle, seeing that Castro’s victory was inevitable, took what loot they could gather up and fled. Batista authorized some of his subordinates to deal with Castro and the rebels. The people of Cuba took to the streets, joyfully greeting the rebels. Cienfuegos and Guevara and their men entered Havana on January 2nd and disarmed the remaining military installations. Castro made his way into Havana slowly, pausing in every town, city, and village along the way to give speeches to the cheering crowds, finally entering Havana on January 9th. Aftermath and Legacy The Castro brothers quickly consolidated their power, sweeping away all remnants of the Batista regime and muscling out all of the rival rebel groups that had aided them in their rise to power. Raul Castro and Chà © Guevara were put in charge of organizing squads to bring to trial and execute Batista era war criminals who had engaged in torture and murder under the old regime. Although Castro first positioned himself as a nationalist, he soon gravitated toward communism and openly courted the leaders of the Soviet Union. Communist Cuba would be a thorn in the side of the United States for decades, triggering international incidents such as the Bay of Pigs and the Cuban Missile Crisis. The United States imposed a trade embargo in 1962 that led to years of hardship for the Cuban people. Under Castro, Cuba has become a player on the international stage. The prime example is its intervention in Angola: thousands of Cuban troops were sent there in the 1970s to support a leftist movement. The Cuban revolution inspired revolutionaries throughout Latin America as idealistic young men and women took up arms to try and change hated governments for new ones. The results were mixed. In Nicaragua, rebel Sandinistas eventually did overthrow the government and come to power. In the southern part of South America, the upswing in Marxist revolutionary groups such as Chiles MIR and Uruguays Tupamaros led to right-wing military governments seizing power; Chilean dictator  Augusto Pinochet is a prime example. Working together through Operation Condor, these repressive governments waged a war of terror on their own citizens. The Marxist rebellions were stamped out, but many innocent civilians died as well. Cuba and the United States, meanwhile, maintained an antagonistic relationship well into the first decade of the 21st century. Waves of migrants fled the island nation over the years, transforming the ethnic makeup of Miami and South Florida; in 1980 alone, more than 125,000 Cubans fled in makeshift boats in what came to be known as the Mariel Boatlift. After Fidel In 2008, the aging Fidel Castro stepped down as president of Cuba, installing his brother Raul in power. During the next five years, the government gradually loosened its tight restrictions on foreign travel and also began allowing some private economic activity among its citizens. The U.S. also began to engage Cuba under the direction of President Barack Obama, and by 2015 announced that the long-standing embargo would gradually be loosened.   The announcement resulted in a surge of travel from the U.S. to Cuba and more cultural exchanges between the two nations. However, with the election of Donald Trump as president in 2016, the relationship between the two countries is in flux. Fidel Castro died on Nov. 25, 2016.  Raà ºl Castro announced municipal elections for October 2017, and Cubas National Assembly officially confirmed Miguel Dà ­az-Canel as Cuba’s new head of state.

To study the morphology and behavior of primates in a zoo setting Essay

To study the morphology and behavior of primates in a zoo setting - Essay Example In this zoo, there are thousands of primates, which makes the place one of its kind, and a lowland gorilla is one of the primates hosted here. On arrival at the zoo, the first sight was this animal in its quadrupedalism posture. This animal is mostly found in Africa in the countries of Gabon, Angola, Cameroon and Congo. The male Lowland gorilla is normally quite vulnerable to a heart disease known as cardiomyopathy ("Bronx Zoo† p.5). However, one does not have to travel all the way to Africa to view this animal thanks to the brilliant innovation at Bronx zoo. The mandrill is another primate that was seen and one that made the one to remember for many days to come. Firstly, this animal demonstrated its competence in using its prehensile tail to grasp the tree branches. Upon further research, this animal also known as Madrillus sphinx was established to have originated from Equatorial Guinea. However, it is found in other African countries like Gabon and Congo. Horde is a name used to describe these animals when moving together as a group ("Bronx Zoo† p.6). Normally, these animals copulate in the months of June through to October; they have also been found to be the largest monkeys in the world. At times, these animals have also been viewed in arboreal locomotion in the Zoo while others do brachiation In addition to viewing the aforementioned primates, Colobi were also present in Bronx zoo. This genus can be traced to Africa and countries like Kenya and Congo have these primates. The term colobi is used to refer to the colobus group of monkeys which include the white and black monkeys. This genus moves in a group of around nine animals, which participate in all mothering. When born, young colobuses are normally white but the color may change as they grow up. Sadly, this group of primates- just like every other animal- is prone to prey by many other predators ("Bronx Zoo† p.7). Poachers too pose a threat to these animals since its meat is widely thought

Political socialization autobigraphy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Political socialization autobigraphy - Essay Example Roosevelt’s New Deal program aimed to stop the depression and start building the state’s economy. 2. What is the party of my parents? As our family belongs to the Republican Party, the party itself is generally conservative, but the "Religious Right" is much more of a populist. The name of the party was adopted during a state convention held in Jackson, MI on July 6, 1854. â€Å"The Republican Party name was christened in an editorial written by New York newspaper magnate Horace Greeley. Greeley printed in June 1854: "We should not care much whether those thus united (against slavery) were designated 'Whig,' 'Free Democrat' or something else; though we think some simple name like 'Republican' would more fitly designate those who had united to restore the Union to its true mission of champion and promulgator of Liberty rather than propagandist of slavery† (USHistory.Org, 2010). 3. Were your parents ever politically active? My parents were not politically active be cause they are overseas with the navy during the Gulf War. Since it was the country that my parents were fighting for, they did not have second thoughts when they joined the navy during the gulf war. Patriotism always comes first before anything else. As the song goes, America is the â€Å"land of the free and the home of the brave.† When one is asked to fight for his country, though his life would be at risk and he will be away from his family, there is no greater honor than to fight for the land where one is born and raised. It is not a personal honor yet it is a pride of the family and legacy which will be left to the future generations. It would not just be in this lifetime that people would be thankful for him for the courage that he has shown. His name would be part of the history of the country for which he fought for. 4. Did you ever discuss politics or public policy with your parents? No, I do not really discuss political or public policy with my parents. One reason why children are not discussing politics with their parents is to avoid any misunderstandings. Another reason is that others are simply not interested due to the fact that there are too many conflicts which can bring about stress to the public specifically in relation to the political affiliations of people. There are still quite a handful of clans who thinks differently towards people who belong to the other political group. 5. Who are the 3 people that are good influence on values beliefs and opinions? The members of my family especially my parents are considered to be the most influential people in my life. They set good examples in terms of how I should make decisions in the different aspects of my life. 6. What other events can you remember that influenced your values and beliefs? There have been too many events that happened in this lifetime. Though there would be one way or another that it influenced me, it still isn’t enough to change my dispositions and beliefs or op inions towards certain issues. I have been brought up to be a responsible adult by my parents. Therefore, I would make decisions based on what I know and what is given during a specific time. 7. From what sources do you currently get your information about politics? The government has been transparent with news that concerns the people. There are still those traditional ways that the information is disseminated just like the newspaper, radio and TV. Though for them to reach out to the youth there are some

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 49

Philosophy - Essay Example Nevertheless, in this paper I would like to focus on the idea that affected me the most. By far, the teaching of Kant is something that opened my eyes on may different things. That is why I would like to analyze some of the elements of it and show how they were able to affect me. To begin with, I would like to note that the concept of every acts being treated as a potential for universal law was truly impressive. I would have never thought about my actions from this point of view. Indeed, prior to the course I knew that some of the actions that I did were ethical and some of the actions were not completely ethical; nevertheless, I never thought that each of them should be critically evaluated in such a rigid manner. I was surprised to discover the idea that turning any action into a universal law may serve as a suitable measure of an action. At first, I was surprised and did not think that it would help me. However, gradually I came to the understanding that this is a rather useful approach. It helps people to concentrate and what it right and not make mistakes in life. The next concept of Kant’s teaching that affected me much was the concept of good will. According to the above mentioned position, treating every action is as potential universal law is not enough: it is important to make sure that the person who performs it has a good will. Indeed, the latter is a rather obvious concept; nevertheless, it is rather difficult to define it correctly as there are many aspects that should be taken into consideration, making sure that none of them is omitted, but when it is done, it is evident that the absence of good will is one of the major determinants of a moral action. All this results in the understanding that evaluating the consequences of an action may not be fully reliable when it comes to assessing an action. I believe that such approach affected me a lot since it urges me to think about the subjective

Negotiation occurs in business

Negotiation occurs in business 1. Executive summary The thirst for power, growth and global recognition has made countries source for wealth and power through the process of Negotiating with each other. The term Negotiation can be said to be a dialogue. Resolving disputes to reach an agreement upon course of action or to bargain for individual or collective advantage. Negotiation occurs in business, non-profit organizations, and government branches, legal proceedings, among nations and in personal situations such as marriage, divorce, parenting, and everyday life. Nigeria, the most populous country in the whole of Africa with a population of about 140million, is a multi-cultural country where large multi-ethnic groups negotiate everyday for the growth of the country. In this report you will see the pattern in which Nigeria communicates and negotiates when it comes to doing business and how its culture affects its decision making and life style. 1.1 Communication and Negotiation style in Nigeria: Personal relationship is very important to them Trust is required to conduct business Age is considered indicative of wisdom An older business person is always put in a negotiating plan Titles are always used depending on the status of that person. E.g. Chief, Mr, Mrs, Engineer etc. Companies are hierarchical Ultimate decision-making rests with the CEO Decisions are reached slowly If one is not patient with decision making you will give offence and that alone can put your business relationship at risk Getting decisions from government officials can be extremely protracted Nigerians can be tough bargainers They state their position clearly and may get into heated decisions One is expected to honour any promise made Initial agreement is generally verbal-followed by contract Nigerians expect flexibility in working out the details. This is due to the fact that they are not time conscious. It can take longer than proposed or expected to get the job done 2. Terms of reference As a reporter by name Sarah Aghorighor born in Nigeria, I was approached by an investor from china who has invested in so many companies. He would like one of his firm which deals with electronics to do business with a Nigerian importer. My client, Mr Young Chan a successful investor, who owns over 30 firms in China wants me to write a brief on how Nigerians communicates and negotiates with other countries and if culture affect their way of doing business. 3. Overview of the situation Living in Nigeria requires one with survival instinct, the ability to multi task, strong business orientation, self confidence and a fearless heart. Living in Nigeria change ones attitude towards life, work and its environment either good or bad but I think in this case it changes it for good. Nigerian life style is governed by cultural values that â€Å"make up† its society. These values govern how they live, work and interact. However, culture is not just about us but the people we live with. Ferraro (1997) shared his view on culture as everything that people have, think, and do as members of their society. His view considers material objects, values and beliefs as well as behavioural patterns of a people to be components that define culture. However, culture is not in born; it is acquired through learning and interacting with ones environment. Nigeria is situated on the gulf of Guinea in west Chad. Its neighbours are Benin, Niger, Cameroon and Chad while the lower course of the Nigeria river flows south through the western part of the country into the gulf of Guinea swamps and mangrove forest border the south coast inland are hardwood forest. The country gained its independence October 1st 1960 becoming members of commonwealth of nation and joining the United Nation. Although Nigeria has had its up and down in the past, it is still known as one of the richest country in the world. Trading on cassava, woods, fishing etc is one of Nigeria fastest way of growing economically and making wealth apart from its oil business. Nigeria has a very strong tradition which governs the land and its business. In addition, Nigeria is known for a strong tradition in literature, theatre, arts and craft and is now coming up in its music which is culturally tide to a particular style and also the film industries. Nigeria has good and natural resources, when investment is made on its land there is always a positive result, provided rules are obeyed. As a Nigerian through this research it was brought to my attention that Nigeria and China are like brothers. They share a lot in common and above all their negotiating style is the same irrespective of the fact that they are both from different parts of the world. One major factor is that both countries are cultural. 4. Analysis of the situation In my years of practise as a reporter I have come to realise that certain issues affects man and its environment. This can affect them socially, economically and even politically and when it does things changes in that country, living them in a state of confusion. Everyone negotiates one way or another known and unknown to us, this makes us live together as one. While negotiating before making / taking any decision we must consider the feasibility of the intended action or business to be embarked upon. With this in mind, we would like to examine, by way of analysis, our options in order to resolve these issues. The principle tool used for this research is PEST analysis. PEST stands for Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors of the external environment. That is, the external factors that is usually beyond the firms control that may constitute threats to the organization. Thus, PEST analysis is found suitable for this paper because it is expected to unveil issues that may arise during negotiation process and offers possible suggestion that will fast-track the process. Each of the factors considered in PEST analysis is composed of several other issues for analysis, but the ones chosen for this research are as follow: Political analysis: we considered the political and the democratic processes in Nigeria; the risk of military invasion; trade and price regularization. Economic analyses: we considered the poverty level and inflation rate. Social analysis: we considered the demographics. Technological analysis: we considered the recent technological developments; the rate and diffusion of telephone or Internet services. 4.1 Political Analysis Due to the long years of military rule which lasted for about 30 years out of 47 years of independence, the rate of development in Nigeria has remained low. This reign was classified as an economic depression, lack of vision, inadequate infrastructural development etc. I think it was just plain illiteracy from the military, but ever since the civilians took over there has been transformation throughout their journey. Since 1999 when military regime handed over to civilians, Nigeria has witness great developments in technology, economy and politically. Since then the nation aimed to sanitize the economy and polity in general such as: Bank recapitalization which reduced from 89 weak banks to 25 strong ones, making 12 of them listed among the first 1000 banks in the world. This feat has never been achieved before (Soludo 2007); also telecom has made the country be the fastest growing telecommunication JIB August 2008, Vol. 13, No. 2. In the major sector of the economy such as transporta tion, mineral resources, oil and gas, there is high hopes for foreign investments. 4.2 The Economic Analysis 4.2.1 Poverty Level Nigeria with great wealth still has economic issues. There is poverty amongst household and in the land. In 1996, the poverty rate was 46% instead of going down to 21% but sadly to say poverty sky-rocketed to 76%. The urban slums dwellers in Nigeria are about 77% while issues to be solved under the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) are located in urban settlement which is around 99%. In general, two-thirds if the household in Nigeria are poor, but there is hope for tomorrow. 4.2.2 Inflation Rate The inflation rate as at present: Due to militants destructive activities in Niger Delta region, the total federal revenue collection dropped 44% between 2008 and 2009 which brought the need to develop infrastructures. But overall, the economys output continues to improve as GDP rose 6.73% compared to 5.56% during the corresponding period of the previous year. Through these contributions the GDP got significant growth: agriculture, wholesale and retail trade but from the oil sector there was a decline in growth to about 4.5%. Nigeria at this point seems risky but the outlook for this country prospects for investments remain positive. 4.3 Social Analysis Nigeria is a very large country filled with lots of social activities. Yes indeed the country is over populated but it does have its wonderful side. This social analysis will be based on Lagos which is the principal port of Nigeria. The largest market in cloths, vegetables, meat and poultry, enamel and earth ware, herbs, fancy goods and fruits are located within its surroundings. Its got lots of site seeing, places to go, people to see and activities round it. Most of the people are traders and they make their living from the commerce of the city by trading, importing and exporting, shop keepers, drivers, watchmen, clerks or craftsmen etc. There is always something to be done and ways to make money. 4.3.1 Demographic Nigerians life expectancy was estimated to have increased from 40 to 51 years. Much of this is due to the decline in mortality among infants younger than one year and children ages one to four. At 1990, maternity deaths excluding deaths resulting from illegal abortions exceeded 75,000 per year. Regardless of the countries decline in fertility in the 1990s, the countrys population was expected to double by next century. Less than Nigerians 1990 population was less than fifteen thus the country expects to deal with a population of more than 200 million probably within the next twenty-five years. 4.4 Technological Analysis This is based on infrastructure, use of telephone and the level of internet usage in Nigeria. Nigeria has witnessed a commendable growth in telephone service from 2001 till date, moving from a density of 0.73 to above 37.05. Nigeria is currently rated the fastest growing telecoms industry in African (Nigeria2Day, 2007). 4.5 Environmental Factors Nigerian soil is rich in minerals which help grow crops. Despite the pollution on the environment such as oil spillage, over population and neglect of government on the land, it is still a rich place to do business. Due to the over population of the country there is cheap labour which will help facilitate the business. 4.6 Legal Factors 5. Solutions and recommendations I would suggest that before negotiating you should look closely into Nigerians way of negotiating and top companies that deals in such business and has good reputation. These people should be your target market people. With an increase in unemployment currently at its highest, labour cost is low. Larger number of unemployed skilled workers can be employed to work. If possible employ both Chinese and Nigerian citizens. Understanding cultural diffusion. This concept identifies that most innovations introduced into a culture are as a result of borrowing from other culture. Therefore, appreciating other peoples culture is imperative. Actual negotiation should be decided on its handling methods. E.g. the extents at which you adjust your style to their culture and still remain credible. Typical behaviour of patterns, attitudes, values of your negotiator should be understood. Invest in research. Employ effective use of the internet by creating a website that will facilitate purchase and delivery during both importing and exporting of goods. A good communication skill is needed. Multiple offers should be made simultaneously. 6. Forecast and outcome There will be some form of cultural differences during and after negotiation, but so long as deadlines are met and both parties work hand in hand the business will flow. Due to government and immigration rules there might be some difficulties during importation and exportation of goods. With good research and also foreigners at both ends there shouldnt be too much trouble. There should be Constant communication back to Directors to know the situation of things. 7.References Soludo C. (2007): Strategic Agenda for the Naira, accessed date, Aug. 17, 2007. Lothar Katz. (March 2008): The Negotiators Reference Guide to 50 Countries around the World http://www.onlinenigeria.com Nigeria2Day (2007): Nigeria celebrates Six Years of GSM Mobile Phones, accessed date, Sept. 3rd, 2007. Kimmel, Paul. Cultural Perspectives on International Negotiations, Journal of Social Issues, 50, (1), 1994, PP. 179-196 and Weldon, Elizabeth and Karen A. Jehn. Examining Cross-Cultural Differences in Conflict Management Behaviour: A Strategy for Future Research. The International Journal of Conflict Management 1995, 6, (4) October, pp. 387-403. Guirdham M, 2002, Interactive Behaviour at Work (3rd Edition), Essex, Pearson Education Ltd. ISBN 0-273-65590-6

Essay on The Holy Bible - Dionysus and Genisis God :: Holy Bible Genesis Essays

Dionysus and Genisis God  Ã‚  Ã‚      Every individual has his/her own view of a divine power. It appears that each different culture looks at its’ higher being in a different way.   Texts and myths are used by each culture to explain its god or gods or even goddesses.   Genesis, from the Bible, shows the many characteristics of the Christian God, as does Euripides' The Bacchae of Dionysus.   The two separate Gods are shown to illustrate very similar human characteristics; however, they differ by their godly attributes and their effect on how women are viewed in today's society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Christian God, as described in Genesis, possesses some common human characteristics. The Greek God of all that is emotional, Dionysus, is depicted in The Bacchae to have those same human emotions. Both Gods portray a very common human emotion: need. The Genesis God wants to be the only God that the people belief in; he is needy in receiving recognition for being the only God. Dionysus has a very similar conflict. The entire play deals with Dionysus testing the Theban women of their sincere devotion and belief for him. While Dionysus struggles to be recognized as a true God, the Christian God is struggling to be recognized as the only God. Both Gods possess this very human emotion that we call need; both are in desperate search for recognition and acceptance.   Another human emotion that can be found in both Gods is authority and wrath. The Biblical God punishes Adam and Eve severely when they eat from the Tree of Forbidden Fruit. He uses his godly authority and sends them out of Paradise. Dionysus portrays that same angry emotion; he gets angered so easily when someone refuses to belief in him. Need and wrath are very human emotions that the Christian God and Dionysus experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The attributes and power that each God has is a major difference between the depiction of the God in Genesis and the Dionysus from The Bacchae. Genesis tells of the story of how God created the earth, and how he made the animals, man and woman. This God is shown to have the power to do anything in his will. He is the one and only true God.   Dionysus does not possess that kind of power. Essay on The Holy Bible - Dionysus and Genisis God :: Holy Bible Genesis Essays Dionysus and Genisis God  Ã‚  Ã‚      Every individual has his/her own view of a divine power. It appears that each different culture looks at its’ higher being in a different way.   Texts and myths are used by each culture to explain its god or gods or even goddesses.   Genesis, from the Bible, shows the many characteristics of the Christian God, as does Euripides' The Bacchae of Dionysus.   The two separate Gods are shown to illustrate very similar human characteristics; however, they differ by their godly attributes and their effect on how women are viewed in today's society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Christian God, as described in Genesis, possesses some common human characteristics. The Greek God of all that is emotional, Dionysus, is depicted in The Bacchae to have those same human emotions. Both Gods portray a very common human emotion: need. The Genesis God wants to be the only God that the people belief in; he is needy in receiving recognition for being the only God. Dionysus has a very similar conflict. The entire play deals with Dionysus testing the Theban women of their sincere devotion and belief for him. While Dionysus struggles to be recognized as a true God, the Christian God is struggling to be recognized as the only God. Both Gods possess this very human emotion that we call need; both are in desperate search for recognition and acceptance.   Another human emotion that can be found in both Gods is authority and wrath. The Biblical God punishes Adam and Eve severely when they eat from the Tree of Forbidden Fruit. He uses his godly authority and sends them out of Paradise. Dionysus portrays that same angry emotion; he gets angered so easily when someone refuses to belief in him. Need and wrath are very human emotions that the Christian God and Dionysus experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The attributes and power that each God has is a major difference between the depiction of the God in Genesis and the Dionysus from The Bacchae. Genesis tells of the story of how God created the earth, and how he made the animals, man and woman. This God is shown to have the power to do anything in his will. He is the one and only true God.   Dionysus does not possess that kind of power.

Role of Young Minds in Shaping India’s Path Towards

Essay Title Role of Young Minds in shaping India’s path towards becoming a Superpower Name : Dhruv Tripathi College Name : University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun Course : B. A. LL. B. 3rd Semester E-mail : [email  protected] com Introduction Young generation now has a lot of responsibility in making  India  a Super Power. We have done well in certain aspects; however, we need to go a very long way still. The growth in GDP, growth in Exports, employment opportunities, increase in literacy, reduction in poverty etc. itself cannot make  India  a Super Power. Many would agree that  India  is rich, but, Indians are poor.We need to manage the growth properly and we need to ensure that all Indians prosper and Human Rights are protected. The increasing gap between rich and poor is not good for the country and it results in revolution one-day and system will get affected if people resort to extremism. It is very important to concentrate on infrastructure dev elopment in the Country in order to attract FDI and in order to support Industry which creates plenty of employment opportunities. But, there won’t be any meaning for the development unless we are able to provide certain basic things to the citizens of this country.In  India, with cast playing a big role and with lot of poverty and as every citizen has a right to vote, there is scope for muscle power and money power in politics rather ability and commitment to serve the people. The younger generation can not stay away from politics just because politics are corrupt and they should be mature enough to understand things and to serve the people. There are many issues we need to concentrate and it is the responsibility of younger generation to take the challenge and to act in a matured way rather resorting to extremism or pessimism.I would like to express my views on few challenging issues in this country : Youth into Politics: Many people criticize politicians so easily and we talk about political corruption very frequently rather thinking towards the solution. I do believe that great people in this country did think about the ways to reform our politics. We have brought some reforms to Peoples Representative Act, we are discussing about the tendency of buying votes, not allowing people with criminal background in contesting elections and also about State funding.I have heard a discussion on public funding of political parties, but, I know that it is very difficult to deal with this issue too and even drafting a regulation providing public funding will not be any easy issue and it will lead to so many other complications. Great people have concluded that the public funding will not solve the problem of election expenditure. Many also opine that spending lot of money in elections and buying votes may not guarantee success, however, not spending money in elections can guarantee defeat. This is a fact.As such, I we need not think too much about this issues and Election Commission is there to enforce its regulations and it will be doing its job. Media: Media is no more independent now and the people are not in a position to rely on media reports unless the issues is disused clearly. Media can do so many things really and it can reform this society. However, they are very busy with their issues and keeping their TRP ratings intact. They say that they need not have a responsibility and they can not do charity. There is a merit in the argument of media too, but, public interest is above all.However, it is very difficult to regulate media and there should be awareness among the people that what media says need not be correct. The issue is very important and we need to find ways as to how to prevent the media in damaging society and as to whether it is possible to regulate the media. Education & Health Care: Today many software engineers and other educated employed in good companies taking good remuneration. Many of these did study in  Go vernment  Schools  and colleges and they did struggle with poverty.Despite the poverty and other issues, they could grow and achieve positions in life now. However, now, these software engineers employed in good companies and taking good remuneration finding it difficult to get their children educated. If this is the situation for the educated and employed, then, what about people living below poverty line? Still, in this country, substantial number of people lives Below Poverty Line. I strongly believe that we can not get away with this Education and Health Care through Schemes and Privatization.State Governments have a big role to play in imparting education and in providing Health Care. Our Governments have lot of money in their hands now with industrial and overall growth, but, they spend all the money towards achieving their political agenda. If this country can not provide education to the people Below Poverty Line at free of cost, then, we may have to pay a very heavy pri ce for that and we will also see internal revolution. It is such a sensitive issue now and we can not ignore this. Agriculture Farmers do face lot of difficulties with the middlemen.The problems of our farmers to be understood and State Governments should give utmost priority as to how to protect our Agriculture. We can not ignore our Agriculture which provides livelihood to majority of Indians even now either directly or indirectly. Our State Government Agri Departments should function efficiently addressing the problems of the farmers from time to time. We need to maintain a modest Agri growth while focusing on the Industrial Growth. We need to concentrate on both. Legal System There is a lot of talk about our legal system.How come we claim that we are developed unless our rights are duly protected with due process of law? We need not look at the role of Police, the investigation, the corruption in Police Department and other issues while we talk about legal system. Yes, we need g ood police men, investigators and we need to have a mechanism where the orders of the Court are implemented effectively and speedily. The role of Police and connected issues need not necessarily be merged while talk about legal reforms. Because, the police reforms are directly connected to politics and political leadership.That’s a bigger issue. We need to have a serious look at our court infrastructure, the quality of judges, the work culture, and the quality of legal professionals, the procedural issues and other connected things. We can not ignore our legal system anymore. I know that there are complications in bringing reforms in our legal system. There can be resistance from the legal professionals when the Government or the authorities push forward certain reforms. But, we need not have a clear plan as to how to go ahead and we must be able to effectively deal with the resistance too.Youth of this country should not be scared at the problems and we need to find solution s in order make our country a Super Power. There is no problem without solution and we need to find the solutions. Industrial Growth and the ‘Sustainable Development’ Environment is most important for the society and that is why even the developed countries talk so much about protection of environment. Industrial growth will have a define impact on environment; however, we cannot ignore the industrial growth if  India  needs to compete with the rest of the world and if  India  needs to reduce the rate of poverty.It is also true that there can be people with vested interests who will always try to hamper the industrial growth. A careful balance is to be made in this regard. Youth of this Country should also be concerned at our environment and it’s the responsibility of any Government to protect the environment. There can be public pressure in the right direction and at the same time, people should be aware of the vested interest groups hampering the growth referring to environment. Transparency in all Government DepartmentsThere is some change when it comes to functioning of Government Departments now. With technological revolution and with e-governance, many departments are computerized and we do not know as to whether the effort is sincere or an ‘eye-wash’. But, there is a change and we can know about the government, rules and regulations etc. through Internet now. This is a welcome change and Right to Information Act forces the public servants now to be transparent and to maintain the records properly, as otherwise, they will be fixed one day.The corrupt officials in various Government Departments find various ways hampering the reform process. Many Government Departments are supposed to provide the vital information and information about complaining authority. However, we may not find this information and no one talks at the responsibility. The intention with which a provision is made to form Trade Unions is also bei ng misused often leading to blackmailing Governments. Governments should be in a position to deal with any contingency of this kind and every department should have a clear plan as to how to counter these kinds of problems.